Durozard P, Rico A, Boutiere C, et al. - Via prospectively examining 16 adult patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies and 29 with aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibodies who received rituximab (RTX) under an individualized dosing schedule adapted to the biological effect of RTX monitored by memory B-cell measurement, researchers contrasted response to RTX between adult patients positive for (MOG and AQP4 antibodies. According to findings, relapse occurs mostly when the biological effect of RTX declines in AQP4 antibody–associated disorder, which argues for treatment effectiveness. The efficacy of RTX is not constant in MOG antibody-associated disorder, as one-third of patients exhibited relapse despite RTX's effective biological effect. Memory B-cell depletion was unable to prevent relapse in this subpopulation, which was probably caused by various immunological mechanisms. Such results should be used to improve treatment strategies for MOG antibody-associated disorder.