Zhu Y, et al. - Researchers for the first time compared the effects of local anesthesia and epidural anesthesia for percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) in elderly patients over 65 years old. Epidural anesthesia (EA) and local anesthesia (LA) for PTED achieved comparable clinical outcomes in these patients. However, EA had a better performance in pain management compared to LA for PTED.