Ohkura Y, et al. - Researchers compared outcome of esophagectomy vs nonsurgical treatment for resectable esophageal cancer with clinical complete response to neoadjuvant therapy via analyzing 39 of 1,545 esophageal cancer patients who achieved clinical complete response (cCR) after neoadjuvant treatment at Toranomon Hospital between January 2006 and August 2017. Two groups according to treatment were compared: esophagectomy group (n = 18) and nonsurgical treatment group (n = 21). As per outcomes, nonsurgical treatment can be an option for patients estimated as cCR after treatment administered in a neoadjuvant setting with improved diagnostic accuracy. However, because of residual tumor in some patients with cCR and because of superior disease-specific survival and recurrence-free survival following esophagectomy compared with nonsurgical treatment, surgical resection is considered more appropriate.