Regus S, et al. - In this single-center study, researchers compared immediate and follow-up results between surgical repair and a modified interventional lyse-and-wait technique characterized by prolonged local reaction times of recombinant tissue-plasminogen activator (rtPA) for an acutely thrombosed arteriovenous fistula (AVF) in patients on hemodialysis (HD). Comparison of 2 groups viz, the open repair (OR) and the endovascular repair (ER) group revealed no significant differences in success rates, immediate failures (IFs), and temporary catheter placements (TCPs). Overall, for acutely thrombosed AVF, the modified lyse-and-wait technique with prolonged local reaction times represents a successful alternative to surgical repair, with less infections and significant shorter hospital stays after ER being the clear benefits. For aneurysms and anastomotic stenoses, OR continued to be the preferred treatment.