Martinez-Garcia JM, Candas B, Suárez-Salvador E, et al. - In this prospective, cohort pilot study of patients with a suspected ovarian endometrioma with a maximum diameter of 35 to 100 mm, the effects of ultrasound-guided aspiration and ethanol sclerotherapy were compared with those of laparoscopic surgery on anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels and ovarian reserve in benign-appearing ovarian endometrioma. Serum hormonal concentrations (AMH, FSH and 17-β-estradiol) and antral follicle counts (AFC) in each patient were determined at baseline, and after the procedures and pregnancies. Findings suggest better preservation of fertility in correlation with alcohol sclerotherapy in patients with endometriomas relative to surgery, with significant increases in serum estradiol concentrations, possible AFC recovery and spontaneous pregnancies noted in the patients after sclerotherapy.