Chen Y, et al. - In patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), a paclitaxel plus fluorouracil regimen was compared to a cisplatin plus fluorouracil regimen in definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy (dCRT) regarding effectiveness and safety. There were 436 patients with locally advanced ESCC enrolled and randomized (1:1) to one of the two regimens. Patients with locally advanced ESCC showed no significantly prolonged OS in relation to the paclitaxel plus fluorouracil regimen vs the standard cisplatin plus fluorouracil regimen in dCRT. The paclitaxel plus fluorouracil group vs the cisplatin plus fluorouracil group had significantly lower incidences of acute grade 3 or higher anemia, thrombocytopenia, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and fatigue, but had greater incidences of acute grade 3 or higher leukopenia, radiation dermatitis, and radiation pneumonitis.