Marks GB, Nguyen NV, Nguyen PTB, et al. - A cluster-randomized, controlled trial in Ca Mau Province, Vietnam was conducted in order to assess the efficiency of active community-wide screening, in comparison with standard passive case detection alone, for decreasing the prevalence of tuberculosis. A total of 42,150 individuals in the intervention group and 41,680 in the control group were tested. Pulmonary tuberculosis, as verified by a positive nucleic acid amplification test for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, was observed in 53 and 94 individuals, respectively in the intervention and control group. Therefore, in people, 15 years of age or older who lived in Ca Mau Province, Vietnam, three years of community-wide screening, in comparison with standard passive case detection alone, led to a lower prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis in the fourth year.