Asano K, Fumoto T, Matsuzaka M, et al. - Whether induction combination chemoradiotherapy and long-term maintenance therapy with temozolomide (TMZ) plus interferon (IFN)-β affords an effective strategy for glioblastoma, was investigated in this investigator-initiated, open-label, single-arm, single-institute study. In this study with 47 patients, initial induction combination chemoradiotherapy consisted of radiotherapy plus TMZ plus vincristine plus IFN-β. Maintenance chemotherapy consisted of monthly TMZ, administered for 24–50 cycles, plus weekly IFN-β continued for as long as possible. The 2-year overall survival (2y-OS) was reported to be 40.7%, and 5-year OS rate was 20.3%. Relative to historical controls, an increased 2y-OS was conferred by induction multidrug combination chemoradiotherapy and long-term maintenance therapy comprising TMZ plus IFN-β, however, the lower limit of the 95%CI was below 31.7%. Despite the small number of cases, this protocol may rule out MGMT (O6-methyl-guanine-DNA-methyltransferase) promoter methylation status as a prognostic factor.