Aung HL, Bloch M, Vincent T, et al. - Addressing prior research limitations including underpowered studies, samples with suboptimal antiretroviral access, varying rate of virological control, high rate of AIDS, over‐representation of non‐community samples, and inclusion of inappropriate controls as well as considering mental health and non‐HIV comorbidity burden, researchers here investigated whether people living with HIV (PLHIV) display premature cognitive ageing compared with closely comparable HIV‐negative controls. From a single primary care clinic in Sydney, Australia, they assessed 254 PLHIV [92% on antiretroviral therapy; 84% with HIV RNA < 50 copies/mL; 15% with AIDS) and 72 HIV‐negative gay and bisexual men [mean (SD) age = 49 (10.2) years]. Findings revealed a robust medium‐sized premature ageing effect on cognition in a community sample with optimal HIV care. They support performing routine screening among PLHIV aged ≥ 50 years for cognitive and mental health .