Tan YG, et al. – Objectives of this study were to test the hypothesis that B cells were more involved in the pathogenesis of PBC and to reveal greater oligoclonal expansion and active clonal exchange between liver and periphery in PBC than in ALD patients by analyzing the infiltrating B cell repertoire. The oligoclonally expanded nature of the infiltrating B cell repertoire indicated that B cell immunity was involved in the pathogenesis of both diseases. The observed clonal exchange could give an approach to identify and monitor the infiltrating B cells through the periphery.