Claeson M, Baade P, Brown S, et al. - Researchers conducted a large, nested case–case study including data from the population-based Queensland Cancer Registry, Australia in order to recognize the clinicopathological factors associated with fatal thin melanomas. Among 27,660 Queensland residents aged 0–89 years who were diagnosed with a single, locally invasive thin melanoma (≤ 1·00 mm) between 1995 and 2014, they individually matched fatal cases (eligible patients who died from melanoma) to three nonfatal cases (eligible patients who were not known to have died from melanoma) according to gender, age, year of diagnosis and follow-up interval. Finally, 424 fatal cases and 1,189 nonfatal cases were included in case–case series. Based on findings, strong predictive factors of fatal thin melanomas are scalp location and increasing thickness. This emphasizes performing close follow-up in patients with these tumor characteristics.