Ingviya T, Wasuwanich P, Scheimann AO, et al. - This retrospective cohort study was undertaken to investigate and evaluate clinical variables, related to morbidity and mortality in pediatric patients who were hospitalized with ascites. Participants were 518 pediatric patients, with ages 0 to 21, all with a diagnosis of ascites during hospitalization. Significantly increased length of stay and mortality was seen in the 0 to 5 age group, among the 3 age groups (0–5, 6–12, and 13–21). Increased mortality was noted in relation to ascites with the etiology of congestive hepatopathy and the presence of grade 3 ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, hepatorenal syndrome, hydrothorax, hyponatremia, and thrombocytopenia. An elevated mortality risk was present in black pediatric patients. Findings revealed that among pediatric patients hospitalized with ascites, there was a relation of morbidity as well as of mortality with specific demographic and clinical factors.