Girard TD, et al. - The prevalence and duration of clinical phenotypes of delirium (i.e., phenotypes defined by clinical risk factors) during critical illness was determined. Also, the associations between these clinical phenotypes and severity of subsequent long-term cognitive impairment were studied. Based on the findings, considering sedative-associated, hypoxic, and septic delirium, which often co-occur, as distinct indicators of acute brain injury, was recommended. Also, identifying all potential risk factors that may influence long-term cognitive impairment was proposed, especially those that are iatrogenic and potentially modifiable, such as sedation.