Thomsen LT, et al. - Researchers tried to compare participation, referrals, and detection of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in HPV- vs cytology-based cervical cancer screening. The implementation was embedded in the routine screening program at Lillebaelt Hospital, Department of Pathology, Vejle, Denmark. Women aged 30– 59 years were selected by either HPV testing (with HPV16/18 genotyping and cytology triage) or cytology (with HPV triage for minor abnormalities) based on the area of residence. This study enrolls women invited or screened during May 2017–May 2018 (invited: n = 35,081; screened: n = 28,352) with 6 months of follow-up. They applied logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of participation, referral, and CIN3+-detection in HPV- vs cytology-based screening, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. It was indicated that participation did not differ between HPV- and cytology-based screening. The evidence showed that HPV-based screening detected more cases of CIN3+, but this initial screening round also led to more colposcopies compared with cytology-based screening.