Delcourt C, Gemival P, Nouhaud FX, et al. - Researchers examined the predictive value of PD-L1 expression in tumor (TC) and tumor-infiltrating immune cells (IC) for BCG therapy failure in high-risk NMIBC. They included a total of 186 patients who were treated with complete resection followed by bladder BCG instillation for high-risk NMIBC. Among these, early recurrence (ER) was reported in 38 (20.4%) patients, positivity for TC PD-L1 expression was reported in 35 (18.8%) patients and positivity for IC PD-L1 was reported in 60 (32.3%) patients. The analysis revealed that immuno-histochemistry PD-L1 positivity is not correlated with ER after BCG therapy. Nevertheless, the association between immune infiltrate and PD-L1 positivity supports evaluating the immune infiltrate density to describe tumor’s profile.