Cui HW, et al. - The clinical features, outcomes, and risk factors for posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) were investigated among systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients identified from the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China. Controls comprised the patients presenting with neuropsychiatric lupus hospitalized in the same period. Among a total of 7059 SLE patients, 29 SLE patients experienced 30 episodes of PRES (prevalence 0.43%). Compared to controls, patients with PRES were of younger age at onset. In addition, seizures were a more common initial clinical manifestation in these patients. As per multiple logistic regression, risk factors comprised younger age, nephritis, history of hypertension, SLE Disease Activity Index without neurologic symptoms score >12 and eclampsia. In addition, researchers identified white blood cells >9 × 10⁹/l and heart failure as two novel independent risk factors for PRES in SLE. At follow-up, they noted higher mortality in SLE patients with PRES vs controls (30.77% vs 8.33%, respectively). In patients with SLE other than neuropsychiatric lupus, PRES may be a reversible neurological deficit.