Mouler M, Lebenthal Y, de Vries L, et al. - Among neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) patients from a single pediatric endocrine center in Israel, the observed clinical and genetic characteristics were comparable with other populations.

• In this retrospective analysis (1975-2020), patients (n=24) diagnosed with diabetes prior to 6 months of age and tested negative for pancreatic autoantibodies were included; 9 patients had transient neonatal diabetes (TNDM) and 15 permanent neonatal diabetes (PNDM), of whom five had rare syndromic causes.

• Most common genetic etiology was ABCC8 mutations in TNDM and KCNJ11 and insulin gene mutations in PNDM.

• For 56% of qualifying candidates, switching from insulin to off-label sulfonylurea therapy was successful.

• Patients who received diagnosis of TNDM, vs PNDM, were taller and heavier, although both exhibited rapid catch-up growth and reached normal growth parameters.

• Chronic diabetes complications occurred in cases with long-standing NDM.