Brock R, Edwards B, Lu S, et al. - Given the increasing cases of pediatric congenital and acquired syphilis since 2012 in the USA, researchers sought to compare these two syphilis entities and to describe their clinical characteristics, distribution and impact in the USA. Via performing a population-based cohort study using the 2016 Kids’ Inpatient Database, they identified 1,226 hospitalizations with the diagnosis of syphilis: 958 with congenital syphilis and 268 with acquired cases. Greater healthcare-related expenditure was reported in correlation with congenital syphilis than acquired syphilis in pediatric patients. Congenital syphilis prevention efforts may lead to significant reduction in healthcare utilization burden and cost in addition to improving patient outcomes.