An Y, et al. - Researchers studied the clinical characteristics and outcomes in patients who received rhythm-control therapy (anti-arrhythmic drug and/or catheter ablation) alone for atrial fibrillation (AF) vs those receiving rate-control therapy (beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and digoxin) alone in the Fushimi AF Registry, a community-based prospective survey of AF patients in Fushimi-ku, Kyoto. They found a lower incidence of the composite of cardiac death and heart failure hospitalization with rhythm-control therapy by anti-arrhythmic drug and/or catheter ablation in the contemporary clinical practice vs rate-control therapy. The results cannot be generalizable since baseline clinical characteristics between these two groups were noted to be fundamentally different.