Oliveira–Ribeiro C, et al. – This study was undertaken to compare patients with early spontaneous healing (ESH) in cutaneous localized leishmaniasis with cases requiring specific treatment [non–ESH (NESH)]. ESH group apparently indicated a lower parasitic load, as suggested by the difficulty of parasitological confirmation and its positivity only by PCR method. Authors commonly identified the absence or deficiency of specific treatment as predisposing factors for recurrence and metastasis in American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL). However, the drug related toxicity made the treatment of cases which progress to early spontaneous healing as controversial. They followed ESH patients for up to 5 years after cure and identified no evidence of recrudescence, thus they suggest not treating these patients, but performing periodic dermatological and otorhinolaryngological examinations to detect a possible relapse.