van Maanen A, et al. – This pilot study was performed to examine whether classical conditioning could help in preserving treatment effects of melatonin in children with sleep onset problems, with and without comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or autism. The physicians found that sleep latency and sleep start delayed less in the stop week for children without comorbidity in the experimental group, which suggested an effect of classical conditioning. However, in children with ADHD or autism, classical conditioning seemed counterproductive. To establish these outcomes and to examine other ways to preserve melatonin treatment effects, for example, by applying morning light, further research was needed.