Chalin A, et al. - A sum of 39 healthy donors and 87 patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection were examined to assess chemokines CXCL10 (interferon ϒ-inducible protein 10 [IP-10]), CXCL11 (Human interferon inducible T cell alpha chemokine [I-TAC]), and CXCL12 (stromal cell derived factor 1 [SDF-1]) as biomarkers for chronic HCV infection. Serum levels of these chemokines were measured and were compared to the stage of liver inflammation and fibrosis obtained from liver biopsies. CXCL10, CXCL11, and CXCL12 had value as biomarkers of liver inflammation and fibrosis during chronic HCV infection. Albeit of insufficient significance, a link of serum CXCL10 and CXCL11 levels with liver inflammation was evident. However, cirrhotic patients had elevated serum CXCL11 and CXCL12 levels, demonstrating equivalent diagnostic accuracy as the existing established single serum fibrosis markers or algorithms.