Tang Z, et al. - In this prospective study, the researchers evaluated the role of Galectin-3 (Gal-3) in left atrial appendage (LAA) remodelling and thrombus formation in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). This investigation involved 153 consecutive patients with paroxysmal, persistent or permanent nonvalvular AF. By enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the serum level of Gal-3 was measured. By transoesophageal echocardiography, the morphology and function of LAA were determined. They suggested that cardiac rhythm disturbances caused by AF could lead to morphologic and functional remodelling of LAA. In patients with AF, the serum level of Gal-3 was significantly associated with LAA remodelling. They reported that high levels of Gal-3 were also a predictor for LAA thrombus formation.