Le MH, et al. - For the time period of 1999-2016, researchers evaluated the prevalence of HBV infection (defined by positive HBsAg and past exposure by positive anti-HBc), exposure, self-reported vaccination, immunity induced by the vaccine, disease awareness, and treatment in the United States according to birthplace and race/ethnicity. Participants in the study were 47,628 adult candidates in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey who completed HBV core antibody (anti-HBc) and surface antigen (HBsAg) tests and 47,618 adults who completed HBV surface antibody (anti-HBs) and anti-HBc tests. There was no significant change in HBV infection prevalence between 1999-2016. On the other hand, there was a significant reduction in exposure to HBV and an increase in vaccine-mediated immunity (defined by positive anti-HBs and negative anti-HBc). A significantly reduced prevalence of HBV infection and exposure and higher prevalence of vaccine-mediated immunity and self-reported vaccination was observed in US-born vs foreign-born persons. There was low awareness of the liver disease (15.19%) and rate of treatment (4.60%) among infected people.