Le MH, et al. - During 1999–2016, researchers assessed the prevalence of HBV infection [defined by positive HBsAg and past exposure by positive anti-HBc], exposure, self-reported vaccination, immunity induced by the vaccine, disease awareness, and treatment in the US according to birthplace and race/ethnicity. The sample consisted of 47,628 adult candidates in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey who completed HBV core antibody (anti-HBc) and surface antigen (HBsAg) tests and 47,618 adults who completed HBV surface antibody (anti-HBs) and anti-HBc tests. Findings revealed that there was no significant change in HBV infection prevalence between 1999-2016, whereas there was a significant decline in exposure to HBV and an increase in vaccine-mediated immunity (defined by positive anti-HBs and negative anti-HBc). A significantly reduced prevalence of HBV infection and exposure and higher prevalence of vaccine-mediated immunity and self-reported vaccination was observed in US-born compared with foreign-born persons. It was noted that there was low awareness of the liver disease (15.19%) and rate of treatment (4.60%) among infected people.