Zastrow RK, Huang HH, Galatz LM, et al. - Researchers sought to describe antibiotic utilization patterns for total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Further, they examined the links of these patters with infection risk and if infection risk differ based on regimen. In this retrospective cohort study, data from 436,724 THA and 862,918 TKA (Premier Healthcare Database; 2006-2016) were used and revealed SSI prevalence of 0.21% (n = 914) for THA and 0.22% (n = 1914) for TKA. Among THA procedures, cefazolin (74.1%) was the most commonly used antibiotics, followed by vancomycin (8.4%), “other” antibiotic combinations (7.1%), vancomycin + cefazolin (5.1%), and clindamycin (3.3%). Prophylaxis was provided on day 0 to only 51.8% cases, whereas 48.2% received prophylaxis through day 1. Similar patterns were recorded for TKA. Observations revealed increased SSI risk among THA/TKA patients in correlation with receiving antibiotic prophylaxis regimens other than cefazolin. Findings thereby emphasize a modifiable intervention to reduce infection risk.