Shan JH, et al. – An analysis was performed to examine changes in gastric biomarker levels with age and effects of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in a healthy population, and investigate factors correlated with gastric biomarkers. With age, PGII levels increased while PGI/PGII declined in a healthy population. In males, H. pylori infection had an effect on raising low–density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL–C) levels to increase the risk of atherosclerosis, particularly those of elderly age. Factors associated with levels of pepsinogens and gastrin were age, H. pylori infection, levels of renal function and fasting blood glucose (FBG).