Foster BJ, et al. - Researchers undertook this investigation to assess the changes in the excess risk of all-cause mortality—over and above the risk in the general population—among people treated for ESRD in the United States from 1995 to 2013, presuming that the magnitude of change in the excess risk of death would differ by age and RRT modality. Data reported a significant decline in the excess risk of all-cause mortality among people with ESRD, over and above the risk in the general population, between 1995 and 2013.