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Change in the incidence of stillbirth and preterm delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic

JAMA Aug 21, 2020

Khalil A, von Dadelszen P, Draycott T, et al. - In order to determine the change in stillbirth and preterm delivery rates during the COVID-19 pandemic, researchers compared pregnancy outcomes at St George’s University Hospital, London, in 2 epochs: from October 1, 2019, to January 31, 2020 (preceding the first reported UK cases of COVID-19), and from February 1, 2020, to June 14, 2020. The prepandemic period had reporting of 1,681 births (1631 singleton, 22 twin, and 2 triplet pregnancies) and the pandemic period had reporting of 1,718 births (1666 singleton and 26 twin pregnancies). During the pandemic, an increase in the stillbirth rate was observed. Possibility of a direct consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection is suggested. Although none of women with COVID-19 had any of the stillbirths in the pandemic period, surveillance studies in pregnant women reported SARS-CoV-2–positive cases as asymptomatic in as much as 90% participants. Moreover, until recently, testing was limited to symptomatic individuals requiring hospitalization in the UK. Alternatively, indirect effects, such as reluctance to go to the hospital when needed (eg, with reduced fetal movements), fear of contracting infection, or not wanting to add to the National Health Service burden, may have resulted in increase in stillbirths. A role may be played by the changes in obstetric services secondary to staff shortages or decreased antenatal visits, ultrasound scans, and/or screening. Although the populations in the 2 periods showed differences, a lower rather than higher risk of stillbirth was expected in lieu of the lower proportion of nulliparous and hypertensive women during the pandemic period. However, there may be under-diagnosis of hypertension in pregnancy during the pandemic as women had fewer face-to-face antenatal visits. Other possible explanations comprise alteration in referral patterns with more high-risk women referred to St George’s Hospital or chance due to the short time frame of the study.

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