Loopik DL, van Drongelen J, Bekkers RLM, et al. - Researchers investigated the risk of spontaneous preterm birth in women with treated and untreated cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). In addition, they investigated possible correlations by making a distinction between the excised volume of cervical tissue and having cervical disease. For conducting this Dutch population-based observational cohort study, the Dutch pathology registry (PALGA) was assessed for women aged 29 to 41 years diagnosed with CIN between 2005 and 2015 and these women were frequency matched with a control group without any cervical abnormality based on age at and year of pathology outcome (ie, CIN or normal cytology) and urbanization (< 100,000 inhabitants or ≥ 100,000 inhabitants). In the control group (29,907 pregnancies), a 4.8% proportion of preterm birth occurred, which rose to 6.9% in the untreated cervical disease group (5,940 pregnancies), 9.5% in the treated cervical disease group (9,412 pregnancies), and 15.6% in the group with multiple treatments (505 pregnancies). Following adjustment for 19 potential confounders for preterm birth, women with untreated cervical disease were noted to have a 1.4 times and women with treated cervical disease had a more than 2 times elevated odds of preterm birth compared with the control group. An approximately 2 times greater odds of preterm birth was observed in correlation with a volume excised from the cervix of 0.5 cc or more; this was noted independent from cervical disease.