Ding M, Wang R, Kalpouzos G, et al. - Researchers conducted this cohort study to explore the connection between atrial fibrillation (AF) and cerebral small vessel disease markers among older adults. The population-based Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen yielded data on 336 participants (age ≥ 60 years, mean 70.2 years; 60.2% women) free of dementia, disability, and cerebral infarcts. Structural brain MRI examinations were conducted at baseline (2001–2004) and follow-ups (2004–2007 and 2007–2010). During the 6-year follow-up, 18 people (5.4%) were identified as having prevalent AF at baseline, and 17 people (5.6%) developed incident AF. There was no significant relationship between AF and annual changes in the number of perivascular spaces or lacunes. AF is associated with accelerated progression of white matter lesions and ventricular enlargement in older adults, independent of cerebral infarcts.