Gomez-Lopez N, et al. - Researchers analyzed amniotic fluid samples (n = 26) from women diagnosed with preterm labor and intra-amniotic infection (amniotic fluid IL-6 levels ≥ 2.6 ng/mL and culturable microorganisms, n = 10) or intra-amniotic inflammation (amniotic fluid IL-6 levels ≥ 2.6 ng/mL without culturable microorganisms, n = 16) in order to gain a better understanding of the stereotypical cellular immune responses in these two clinical conditions. Findings revealed the presence of more severe cellular immune responses among women with preterm labor and intra-amniotic infection as compared with those with intra-amniotic inflammation. The main immune cells that responded to microorganisms invading the amniotic cavity were neutrophils, monocyte/macrophages, and CD4+ T cells.