Ondondo RO, et al. - From men with persistent or cleared human papillomavirus (HPV), researchers obtained PBMCs and evaluated cytokine responses on those in order to assess cell-mediated immune responses to natural HPV infections among men. They found increased odds of mounting cytokine responses in men with HPV clearance and those with HPV persistence (odds were 6-times and 3-times respectively) vs HPV uninfected men. In men with HPV clearance vs HPV uninfected men, significantly upregulated Th1 cytokines IFN-γ (5.1-fold) and IL-2 (4.2-fold) were detected. They also noted significant upregulation of only IFN-γ (2.4–fold) and IL-2 (3.0–fold) in men with HPV clearance vs those with persistent HPV infection. Findings revealed a link of Th1 cell-mediated cytokine response with natural HPV clearance in men.