Nackers F, et al. – A population–based cross–sectional study estimated the age–specific Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage and serotype distribution across all population age groups in the pre–10–valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) (PCV10) era in South Western Uganda. Results revealed the low proportion of PCV10 serotypes (<40%), across all age groups, especially among individuals aged 15 years or older (<5%), in Sheema district. Although less likely to substantially modify pneumococcal nasopharyngeal (NP) ecology among individuals aged 15 years or older, the PCV10 introduction was likely to impact transmission among children and to older individuals.