Huck DM, et al. - The association of carotid artery stiffness with decline in neuropsychological test performance was determined among 1662 (1192 [72%] HIV+, median baseline age: 41 years) participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Researchers also assessed whether HIV modified the association. Outcomes suggested an independent association of higher carotid stiffness with faster decline in executive functioning, information processing, and psychomotor speed even in mostly middle-aged minority women and regardless of HIV serostatus. They emphasized modifying cardiovascular risk factor in this at-risk population to prevent premature cognitive deterioration.