Ruiz S, Amor AJ, Pané A, et al. - In this investigation, researchers assessed the changes in cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients (n = 360; men, age was 38.9 ± 7.1 years) with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who were candidates for kidney-pancreas transplantation (KPTx) from 1999 to 2017. According to the year of evaluation (1999-2002, 2003-2006, 2007-2010, 2011-2014 and 2015-2017), the cohort was divided into five groups. LDL-cholesterol < 100 mg/dl rose from 22.7% to 76.9% (1999-2002 vs 2015-2017), as did the use of statins (from 24.7% to 74.5%). Systolic blood pressure reduced from 138.8 ± 27.6 to 125.1 ± 27.9 mmHg and current smokers from 48% to 25%. Intensive insulin treatment rose from 34.4% to 93.6%. Diabetes duration increased from 23 ± 5.5 to 26.9 ± 8.9 years prior to initiation of renal replacement therapy. Overall, 30.3% had prior CVD, with no significant changes over time, although patients were older and had a longer duration of diabetes. CVRFs are better controlled over time by patients with T1D and ESRD referred to for KPTx which may lead to a decrease in cardiovascular events.