Pepe J, et al . - In this narrative review, researchers aimed to examine the available literature in an effort to better define cardiovascular involvement in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). In normocalcemic PHPT, it has been illustrated that cardiovascular risk factors are almost similar compared to hypercalcemic PHPT, therefore strengthening the role of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the cardiovascular involvement. Long term longitudinal randomized trials are required to determine the effect of parathyroidectomy on cardiovascular diseases and mortality in primary hyperparathyroidism.