Lim K, Ting SMS, Hamborg T, et al. - This study was intended to analyze cardiovascular functional reserve in individuals with the end-stage renal disease before and after kidney transplant and to evaluate functional and morphologic alterations of structural-functional dynamics in this population. Researchers performed a prospective, nonrandomized, single-center, 3-arm, controlled cohort study, the Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Renal Failure and After Kidney Transplantation study, involved individuals with stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) who underwent kidney transplant (KTR group), individuals with stage 5 CKD who were wait-listed and had not undergone transplant (NTWC group), and individuals with hypertension only (HTC group) seen at a single center between April 1, 2010, and January 1, 2013. They recruited a total of 253 study individuals (mean [SD] age, 48.5 [12.7] years; 141 [55.7%] male), 81 were in the KTR group, 85 in the NTWC group, and 87 in the HTC group. After kidney transplant, the improved cardiovascular reserve may be correlated with ultrastructural and functional changes to the cardiovascular system and may not be correlated with a change in left ventricular muscle mass.