Magge SN, et al. - Since it is not known whether BMI captures adiposity and cardiometabolic risk in Down Syndrome (DS), a condition connected with obesity, short stature, and altered body proportions, researchers compared cardiometabolic risk measures in youth with DS and typically developing matched controls. Youth with (n = 150) and without (n = 103) DS of similar age (10–20 years), gender, race, ethnicity, and BMI percentile had whole-body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, fasting glucose, insulin, lipids, lipoprotein particles, inflammatory factors, and an oral glucose tolerance test with BMI percentile ≥ 85. According to findings, 64% of youth with DS had BMI percentile ≥ 85. Investigators found that DS youth had higher high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, small low-density lipoprotein particles (LDL-P), and total LDL-P, but comparable LDL-P size. For BMI z score, youth with DS had less visceral fat (VFAT), fat mass, and lean mass, but more VFAT at higher fat mass. However, the increased prevalence of dyslipidemia or prediabetes in youth with DS has not been fully explained by VFAT.