de Boniface J, et al. - Researchers assessed the outcomes of patients who underwent breast-conserving surgery (BCS) and postoperative radiotherapy vs those who received mastectomy without radiotherapy using adjusted survival analyses. They analyzed 2,767/3,518 patients in the Swedish Multicentre Cohort Study; 2,338 underwent BCS with postoperative radiotherapy and 429 underwent mastectomy with no radiotherapy. For both overall survival and breast cancer-specific survival, BCS with postoperative radiotherapy showed better outcomes than mastectomy without radiotherapy. There was no difference between the two groups regarding local recurrence rate. Significantly lower axillary recurrence-free survival rate was evident at 13 years following mastectomy without irradiation.