Fellah S, et al. - In 165 survivors five or more years postdiagnosis (average age = 14.4 years, 7.7 years from diagnosis, 51.5% males), researchers examined the impact of contemporary chemotherapy treatment for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia on central nervous system activity via performing neurocognitive testing and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Outcomes revealed the association of brain activation during attention and executive function tasks with serum methotrexate exposure and age at diagnosis. Compromised and compensatory changes were thus identified in regional brain function that may assist in explaining the neural substrates of cognitive deficits in acute lymphoblastic leukemia survivors. Brain Activity Associated With Attention Deficits Following Chemotherapy for Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia