Matsuda-Abedini M, et al. - Cross sectional study at two North American pediatric hospitals was performed to analyze the spectrum of brain injury and microstructural white matter abnormalities in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). To determine the prevalence of brain injury, a cohort of 49 children, 29 with CKD, including renal transplant, and 20 healthy controls had their conventional brain magnetic resonance images (MRIs) examined by one neuroradiologist. It was observed that cerebral white matter abnormalities, including white matter injury, were under-recognized in pediatric CKD subjects. They suggested that to determine the timing of white matter injury and any potentially modifiable risk factors, brain imaging studies through the progression of CKD were required.