Nokoff NJ, Scarbro SL, Moreau KL, et al. - In this cross-sectional pilot study, researchers discovered insulin sensitivity and body composition among transgender females (TF) and males (TM) on estradiol or testosterone vs cisgender females (CF) and males (CM). Transgender adolescents on either testosterone or estradiol for at least 3 months have been selected. For this analysis, 19 TM were matched to 19 CM and 42 CF on the pubertal stage and BMI. Also, 11 TF were matched to 23 CF and 13 TF to 24 CM on age and BMI. Findings suggested that transgender adolescents on gender-affirming hormone therapy have significant variations in body composition vs cisgender controls, with a body composition intermediate between BMI-matched CMs and CFs. TF were more resistant to insulin compared with CM. TM's lean mass was higher than CF, and lower than CM. Such changes in body composition might have consequences for the cardiometabolic health of transgender adolescents.