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Biomarkers of severity and threshold of allergic reactions during oral peanut challenges

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Apr 23, 2020

Santos AF, Du Toit G, O’Rourke C, et al. - Researchers explored biomarkers for risk of severe reactions or low dose threshold during oral food challenge (OFC) to peanut. The evaluation of LEAP (learning early about peanut allergy study), LEAP-On and PAS (peanut allergy sensitization study) participants with basophil activation test (BAT), skin prick test (SPT), peanut-specific IgE (sIgE) and Ara h 2-sIgE and peanut-specific IgG4 was done. Experts focused on assessing the utility of the different biomarkers in relation to peanut allergy (PA) status, severity as well as threshold dose of allergic reactions to peanut during OFC. Findings revealed the high specificity of BAT for diagnosing PA as well as its ability to detect severe reactors and low threshold with high specificity and high sensitivity. Experts found that the best biomarker for severity was BAT, surpassed only by SPT in predicting threshold. The ability of nomograms to aid the estimation of the probability of severe reactions and reactions to low dose of allergen in individual peanut allergic patients was suggested.

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