Teufel M, et al. - In this investigation, researchers examined plasma and tumor samples from study participants to identify genetic, microRNA (miRNA) and protein biomarkers correlated with regorafenib response. Archived tumor tissue and baseline plasma samples were obtained in the RESORCE trial from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a heterogeneous disease that lacks molecular predictors of response to available treatments, given regorafenib. They examined baseline plasma samples from 499 patients for expression of 294 proteins (DiscoveryMAP) and plasma samples from 349 patients for levels of 750 miRNAs (miRCURY miRNA PCR). Nine plasma miRNAs (MIR30A, MIR122, MIR125B, MIR200A, MIR374B, MIR15B, MIR107, MIR320, and MIR645) whose levels significantly correlated with overall survival time with regorafenib were identified. In the RESORCE trial, expression patterns of plasma proteins and miRNAs that linked to increased overall survival times of patients with HCC following treatment with regorafenib were identified. In order to identify patients with HCC most likely to respond to regorafenib, levels of these circulating biomarkers and tumor genetic characteristics could be used.