Tanday N, Irwin N, Moffett RC, et al. - In the present study, the researchers tested the assumption that the positive effects of apelin receptor activation in diabetes are linked to benefits on islet cell apoptosis, proliferation and transdifferentiation using Ins1Cre/+;Rosa26‐eYFP transgenic mice and induction of diabetes‐like syndromes by streptozotocin (STZ) or high‐fat feeding. Groups (n = 6–8) of streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic and high‐fat diet‐fed mice got once‐daily injection (25 nmol/kg) of the long‐acting acylated apelin‐13 analogue, pGlu(Lys⁸Glu‐PAL)apelin‐13 amide, for 10 or 12 days, respectively. Such data reveal, for the first time, that pancreatic islet advantages of sustained APJ receptor activation in diabetes are linked to favourable islet cell transition events, contributing to β-cell mass maintenance.