Zhang X, et al. - Researchers sought to determine the temporal trends on bacteria epidemiology and resistance of intraoperative bone culture from chronic ostemyelitis at an affiliated hospital in South China. A retrospective review of 418 cases of chronic osteomyelitis from 2003 to 2014 was done. For pathogen distribution, the top five strains were Staphylococcus aureus (27.9%); Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.1%); Enterobacter cloacae (9.5%); Acinetobacter baumanii (9.0%) and Escherichia coli (7.8%). A significant decrease in bacterial culture positive rate has occurred among different year-groups. They observed multiple bacterial infection rate of 28.1%. Resistance to linezolid and vancomycin was evident in one strain of Staphylococcus aureus. Pseudomonas aeruginosa stains showed nearly 100% resistance to Cefazolin, Cefuroxime, Cefotaxime, and Cefoxitin. Stains of Acinetobacter baumanii showed 100% resistance against Cefazolin, Cefuroxime. Escherichia coli isolates showed increase in ciprofloxacin resistance from 25% to 44.4%. On the contrary, a decrease in resistance to cefotaxime and ceftazidime, from 83.3 to 36.4%, was observed among Enterobacter cloacae stains. The results highlight the value of bacterial surveilance studies about chronic osteomyelitis.