Frittoli RB, Pereira DR, Lapa AT, et al. - This research attempted to ascertain the presence of axonal dysfunction in childhood-onset SLE patients (cSLE) and to determine clinical, immunological, and treatment features associated with its occurrence. Researchers enrolled 86 consecutive cSLE patients [median age 17 years (range 5–28)] and 71 controls [median age 18 years (5–28)]. Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging was performed using point resolved spectroscopy sequence over the superior–posterior region of the corpus callosum and signals from N-acetylaspartate compounds (NAA), choline-based compounds (CHO); creatine containing compounds, Myo-inositol, lactate, glutamate, glutamine, and lactate were assessed and metabolites/Cr ratios were ascertained. In neuropsychiatric cSLE, NAA and CHO ratios may be useful as biomarkers. There is a need for longitudinal studies to ascertain if they predict structural damage.