Li RL, et al. - Through diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) technology, researchers examined the white matter (WM) microstructural changes in treatment-naïve HIV patients with asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment (ANI). They performed DTI in 20 antiretroviral-naïve HIV-positive ANI adults and 20 healthy volunteers. They observed that WM impairments were present in neurologically asymptomatic HIV+ adults, periventricular WM (corpus callosum and corona radiata) were preferential occult injuries, which was correlated with axonal chronic damage rather than demyelination. Axonopathy could exist before myelin injury. They concluded that DTI-TBSS was useful to examine the WM microstructure abnormalities and provide a new perspective for the investigation of the pathomechanism of HIV-associated WM injury.