Pujade-Lauraine E, Fujiwara K, Ledermann JA, et al. - JAVELIN Ovarian 200, an open-label, parallel-group, three-arm, randomized, phase 3 trial, was performed at 149 hospitals and cancer treatment centres in 24 countries, with the aim to determine outcomes in patients with platinum-resistant or platinum-refractory ovarian cancer who received avelumab alone or avelumab plus pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) vs those treated with PLD alone. Of 566 enrolled patients, 188 received the combination; 190 received PLD alone, 188 received avelumab alone. No significant improvement in progression-free survival or overall survival was observed in correlation with receiving either avelumab plus PLD or avelumab alone when compared with receiving PLD alone. In light of these findings, patient selection could be performed in future studies of immune checkpoint inhibitors in platinum-resistant or platinum-refractory ovarian cancer.